Looking for the best battery backups for your travel CPAP in 2025? I’ve found top options with capacities from 95Wh to nearly 300Wh, supporting multiple nights of use with fast recharge times. Many are compact, lightweight, and compatible with various CPAP models, plus some can be recharged via solar panels or car chargers. If you want reliable power on the go, I’ll guide you through the key features and help you find the perfect fit.
Key Takeaways
- High-capacity batteries (95Wh–297Wh) provide multiple nights of reliable power for travel CPAP machines, including humidifier support.
- Compatibility with popular CPAP models (ResMed, DreamStation, AirMini) ensures versatile and safe usage on the go.
- Fast recharging options (2–5 hours) via AC, USB-C, or solar panels enable continuous use during trips.
- Lightweight, TSA-approved designs (1.2–6.5 lbs) offer portability for travel, camping, and emergencies.
- Safety features like BMS, ETL certification, and pass-through charging guarantee secure, uninterrupted therapy.
EASYLONGER CPAP Battery Backup Power Supply (ES960)
If you’re looking for a reliable backup power supply that can keep your CPAP running during camping trips or emergencies, the EASYLONGER CPAP Battery Backup Power Supply (ES960) is an excellent choice. It offers a 297.6Wh capacity, compatible with models like AirSense 11, DreamStation, and others. It can power your CPAP for over two nights with the humidifier off and also supports devices under 180W, such as laptops or phones. With multiple charging options—Type-C, AC, or solar—it’s portable, durable, and safe, thanks to LiFePO4 cells. Its versatile ports and wireless charging make it an ideal companion for off-grid use.
Best For: campers, emergency preparedness enthusiasts, and off-grid users seeking reliable backup power for CPAP machines and small electronic devices.
Pros:
- High-capacity 297.6Wh battery provides over two nights of CPAP use with humidifier off.
- Compatible with multiple CPAP models and supports powering other devices under 180W.
- Multiple charging options including Type-C PD, AC adapter, and solar panel, along with safety features of LiFePO4 cells.
Cons:
- Solar panel charger not included, requiring additional purchase for solar recharging.
- May be heavy and bulky for ultra-light backpacking or very portable needs.
- Requires specific cables or converters for certain CPAP models, which may not be included.
Freedom CPAP Battery Backup Power Supply
The Freedom CPAP Battery Backup Power Supply is an excellent choice for travelers who need reliable, portable power for their CPAP machines during camping trips, flights, or power outages. Its compact size—7.9 x 5.1 x 1.0 inches—and light weight of 3.7 pounds make it easy to carry. The 160 Watt Hour lithium-ion battery offers flexible runtime, especially when heating elements are disabled. It’s compatible with popular models like ResMed AirSense 10 and Philips DreamStation. The unit includes an LED indicator and an AC charger, but always check airline policies before flying. Overall, it’s a dependable, travel-friendly power solution.
Best For: travelers and camping enthusiasts who need a reliable, portable power source for their CPAP machines during trips, flights, or power outages.
Pros:
- Compact and lightweight design for easy portability
- Compatible with popular CPAP models like ResMed and Philips DreamStation
- Includes LED power indicator and AC charging adapter for convenience
Cons:
- Some CPAP models may require a separate 14V output cable (sold separately)
- Battery runtime can vary depending on device settings and use of heating elements
- Always verify airline policies before packing for air travel
EnginStar Portable Power Station 300W Battery Bank with AC Outlet
For travelers seeking a reliable, lightweight backup power source, the EnginStar Portable Power Station 300W stands out with its 296Wh battery capacity and multiple charging options. Weighing just 6.5 pounds, it’s easy to carry and fits comfortably in your gear. It features two 110V AC outlets, regulated DC outputs, and fast-charging USB ports, making it versatile for powering CPAP machines, phones, or small devices. You can recharge it via solar, wall outlet, or car socket, with full charge in about 7 hours. Its safety features, including overload protection and a digital display, ensure peace of mind during outdoor adventures or emergencies.
Best For: travelers, campers, and outdoor enthusiasts seeking a lightweight, reliable backup power source for small electronics and essential devices.
Pros:
- Compact and lightweight design weighing only 6.5 pounds for easy portability
- Multiple charging options including solar, wall, and car, with full charge in about 7 hours
- Safe and reliable with overload protection, digital display, and ETL certification
Cons:
- Limited total power output of 300W may not support larger or high-power devices
- Solar panel not included, requiring additional purchase for solar charging
- Battery capacity of 296Wh might be insufficient for extended power needs during prolonged outages
Renogy 72000mAh 12V Power Bank with PD and CPAP Backup
When searching for a reliable backup power source for your travel CPAP, the Renogy 72000mAh 12V Power Bank stands out thanks to its high capacity and versatile charging options. With 266Wh of power, it can support multiple devices simultaneously, including CPAP machines via a dedicated 12V port. It features two USB-C PD ports—one delivering up to 60W for laptops and another 27W for phones—and a wireless charging pad. Recharging options include solar, USB-C, or DC input, making it ideal for camping or emergencies. Though discontinued, it remains available through various retailers, offering a compact, efficient solution for on-the-go power needs.
Best For: outdoor enthusiasts, travelers, and emergency preparedness users who need a high-capacity, portable power source for devices and CPAP machines.
Pros:
- High-capacity 72,000mAh/266Wh battery supports multiple devices simultaneously
- Versatile recharging options including solar, USB-C, and DC input
- Equipped with dual USB-C PD ports, wireless charging pad, and a 12V cigarette port for CPAP compatibility
Cons:
- Discontinued by the manufacturer, potentially limiting long-term availability and support
- No AC outlet included, requiring additional adapters for AC-powered devices
- Heavier and larger compared to smaller portable power banks, which may affect portability
Medistrom Pilot-24 Lite CPAP Battery Backup Power Supply
If you need a reliable backup power source for your travel CPAP machine, the Medistrom Pilot-24 Lite stands out thanks to its compact 95Wh battery that’s TSA-approved and FAA-compliant. Its durable aluminum casing and LG industrial-grade cells ensure long-lasting, dependable performance. The lightweight, travel-friendly design makes airport security a breeze, and setup is quick with rapid recharge times of just 2-3 hours. It works seamlessly with ResMed S9, AirSense 10, and AirMini devices, and includes useful features like a USB port for charging devices and a built-in flashlight. This all-in-one solution keeps your therapy uninterrupted wherever you go.
Best For: travelers and sleep therapy users seeking a dependable, portable backup power solution for their CPAP machines during trips, camping, or emergencies.
Pros:
- Compact, lightweight, TSA-approved 95Wh battery for easy travel and airport security clearance
- Durable aluminum casing with LG industrial-grade cells for long-lasting, reliable performance
- Rapid recharge time of 2-3 hours and all-in-one features including USB charging port and built-in flashlight
Cons:
- Does not include a power adapter; compatible AC power cords/adapters are required
- Limited to specific CPAP models (ResMed S9, AirSense 10, AirMini) for seamless compatibility
- May require additional accessories for certain setups or extended use
EASYLONGER CPAP Battery Backup Power Supply (ES720)
The EASYLONGER CPAP Battery Backup Power Supply (ES720) stands out with its impressive 266.4Wh capacity, making it ideal for travelers who need reliable power without worrying about airline limits. It’s compatible with popular models like ResMed S9, AirSense 10, and Dreamstation, and supports outdoor and off-grid use. The all-in-one design features a 180W cigarette lighter socket, adjustable DC outputs, and four USB ports for charging devices like phones and tablets. Recharging options include AC, USB-C, solar, and car outlet, all in around 4–5 hours. Built-in safety features and pass-through charging add convenience, making it a versatile power solution on the go.
Best For: travelers and outdoor enthusiasts needing a reliable, portable power source for CPAP machines and electronic devices with versatile recharging options.
Pros:
- High-capacity 266.4Wh battery suitable for extended use and airline regulations.
- Multiple recharging methods including AC, USB-C, solar, and car outlet, all within 4–5 hours.
- Compatible with a wide range of CPAP models and features safety and pass-through charging for convenience.
Cons:
- Does not support heated tubing for Luna G3 models.
- Requires voltage matching when connecting via cigarette lighter port, which may need additional converters.
- Heavy or bulky for some portable use scenarios.
Medistrom Pilot 24 Lite CPAP Battery Bundle
The Medistrom Pilot 24 Lite CPAP Battery Bundle stands out as an excellent choice for travelers and campers who need reliable, portable backup power. Weighing just 1.3 pounds, it’s TSA approved, making it perfect for airline travel. The bundle includes the Pilot-24 Lite and three travel CPAP wipes, offering 95Wh of backup power to make certain your therapy continues uninterrupted. Its compact design features a built-in LED flashlight and USB port for charging devices like smartphones and tablets. Customers rate it 4.1 out of 5 stars, appreciating its portability, reliability, and versatility for camping, travel, or emergencies.
Best For: travelers, campers, and individuals needing reliable backup power for CPAP therapy during trips or emergencies.
Pros:
- Compact and lightweight at just 1.3 pounds, ideal for portability.
- TSA approved, suitable for airline travel without hassle.
- Includes a built-in LED flashlight and USB port for charging multiple devices.
Cons:
- Limited to 95Wh, which may not support extended power needs for some users.
- Requires a separate lithium-ion battery, adding an extra component to manage.
- Customer ratings of 4.1 stars suggest some users may experience variability in performance or durability.
EXP48PRO APEX CPAP Battery- Backup Battery Power Supply
Designed for travelers who need reliable power on the go, the EXP48PRO APEX CPAP Battery stands out with its high-capacity 154Wh LiFePO4 technology, ensuring up to three nights of uninterrupted therapy. Weighing just 3.25 pounds, it’s compatible with popular CPAP models like ResMed AirSense 10, 11, and AirMini. The battery supports both 12V and 24V outputs, so you don’t need converters, and it charges quickly in 2.5 hours via AC, DC, solar, or USB-C. With a built-in LCD, dust and water resistance, and multiple charging options, it’s perfect for travel, camping, or emergencies.
Best For: travelers, campers, and individuals needing reliable backup power for CPAP therapy during emergencies or outdoor activities.
Pros:
- High-capacity 154Wh LiFePO4 battery provides up to three nights of uninterrupted therapy
- Supports both 12V and 24V outputs, eliminating the need for converters
- Quick recharge time of 2.5 hours via multiple charging options including AC, DC, solar, and USB-C
Cons:
- Weighs 3.25 pounds, which may be considered heavy for some travelers
- Best used without heated tubing or humidifier to maximize runtime
- Limited information on long-term durability with frequent outdoor use
EASYLONGER CPAP Battery ES400 AIR, 148Wh CPAP Backup Power Supply
If you need a reliable backup power source that can keep your CPAP running during outdoor adventures or power outages, the EASYLONGER CPAP Battery ES400 AIR is an excellent choice. It offers 148Wh capacity, supporting most portable CPAP devices like AirMini, ResMed, and Philips DreamStation. With multiple cables, it’s compatible with popular models, and pass-through charging lets you use your device while recharging. Its compact design weighs just over two pounds, making it easy to carry. Safety features like BMS protect both the user and device. Whether camping or facing an emergency, this battery guarantees you won’t be left without sleep.
Best For: individuals seeking a portable, reliable backup power source for CPAP therapy during camping, outdoor activities, or power outages.
Pros:
- Supports most portable CPAP devices including AirMini, ResMed, and Philips DreamStation with multiple compatible cables.
- Pass-through charging allows continuous device operation while recharging the battery, ensuring no sleep interruptions.
- Compact, lightweight design weighing just over two pounds, with safety features like BMS for over-charge, over-discharge, and short-circuit protection.
Cons:
- Larger CPAP units with humidifiers or heaters may require more power than the battery can support for a full night.
- Solar panel charging requires an external 80W panel (not included), which adds to setup complexity.
- Battery capacity (148Wh) may be insufficient for extended off-grid use with high-power CPAP models or multiple devices.
EnginStar Portable Power Station 300W (296Wh) Battery Bank
For travelers seeking reliable power on the go, the EnginStar Portable Power Station 300W (296Wh) Battery Bank stands out thanks to its lightweight design and robust capacity. Measuring just 9 x 5.5 x 7.5 inches and weighing 6.5 pounds, it’s easy to carry during outdoor adventures or emergencies. With a 296Wh capacity and 300W pure sine wave AC outlets, it powers sensitive devices like CPAP machines, laptops, and cameras quietly and stably. It offers multiple charging options—solar, wall, or car—and recharges in about 7 hours. Its advanced battery management system guarantees safety, durability, and over 1,000 charge cycles for long-term use.
Best For: outdoor enthusiasts, travelers, and emergency preparedness individuals needing reliable, portable power for sensitive electronic devices.
Pros:
- Lightweight and compact design (6.5 pounds; 9 x 5.5 x 7.5 inches) for easy portability
- Multiple charging options including solar, wall, and car, with fast recharge in about 7 hours
- Safe and durable with over 1,000 charge cycles and advanced battery management system
Cons:
- Solar panel not included, requiring additional purchase for solar charging
- Limited AC power output (300W) may not support high-wattage appliances
- Only two regulated DC outputs, which might restrict simultaneous use of multiple DC-powered devices
Pilot Flex 98Wh CPAP Battery Backup Power Supply
The Pilot Flex 98Wh CPAP Battery Backup Power Supply stands out as an excellent choice for travelers seeking reliable, long-lasting power on the go. It’s compatible with 12V and 24V CPAP machines like AirSense 11, DreamStation, and Luna G3, with included DC cables for direct connection. It offers up to 16 hours of runtime on a single charge, depending on your device and settings. Built with durable materials and weighing just 1.2 pounds, it’s TSA-approved and FAA-compliant, making it perfect for travel, camping, or remote use. Recharging takes only 2–3 hours, ensuring you’re always ready for your next adventure.
Best For: travelers, outdoor enthusiasts, and remote users seeking a reliable, portable power backup for CPAP therapy.
Pros:
- Provides up to 16 hours of runtime on a single charge, ensuring extended use during travel or outdoor activities
- Compact, lightweight (1.2 lbs) and TSA-approved, making it easy to carry on flights and in carry-on luggage
- Durable construction with an aluminum case and industrial-grade LG cells for long-lasting performance
Cons:
- Cables for device compatibility are sold separately, which may add to the overall cost
- Limited to 98Wh capacity, which might restrict usage for some high-power devices or longer durations without additional units
- Recharging requires 2–3 hours, which might be inconvenient if quick turnaround is needed
Pilot-24 Lite CPAP Battery Backup Power Supply (95Wh)
Designed specifically for 24V CPAP machines, the Pilot-24 Lite Battery Backup Power Supply offers a reliable 95Wh capacity that can support up to 16 hours of continuous sleep therapy. It comes with two DC output cables, one for AirMini and another for AirSense 10, with compatibility for other 24V devices like AirSense 11, S9, Luna, and DreamStation Go via separate cables. Built with durable aluminum and high-quality LG cells, it’s tough enough for outdoor use. Weighing just 1.3 pounds, it’s TSA-approved, recharges in 2–3 hours, and fits easily in carry-on luggage—making it perfect for travel, camping, or emergencies.
Best For: travelers, outdoor enthusiasts, and emergency preparedness individuals seeking a reliable, portable backup power source for their 24V CPAP machines.
Pros:
- Supports up to 16 hours of continuous CPAP use on a single charge, ideal for extended trips.
- Rugged construction with durable aluminum casing and high-quality LG cells ensures long-lasting performance.
- Lightweight at only 1.3 pounds and TSA-approved, making it easy to carry and suitable for flights and travel.
Cons:
- Cables for compatibility with additional devices are sold separately, which may increase overall cost.
- Recharging typically takes 2–3 hours, which may be lengthy for urgent needs.
- Designed specifically for 24V CPAP machines, limiting compatibility with other device voltages.
PO-160UPSv2 159Wh UPS & Backup Power Supply for CPAP Devices
If you need a reliable backup power source for your CPAP, the PO-160UPSv2 159Wh UPS stands out with its compatibility with popular devices like Philips DreamStation and ResMed AirSense. It powers CPAP, BiPAP, and APAP machines without extra adapters, plus USB devices like phones and tablets during outages. Its compact design weighs only 2.88 pounds and offers 8-10 hours of home backup or up to 18 hours for travel. The fast 4-5 hour recharge and built-in gauge make it convenient to monitor. With durable construction and optional batteries for extended use, it’s a dependable, portable solution for staying powered on the go.
Best For: individuals who need a reliable, portable backup power solution for CPAP, BiPAP, or APAP devices during power outages or travel.
Pros:
- Compatible with popular CPAP brands like Philips DreamStation and ResMed AirSense without extra adapters.
- Lightweight and compact, making it ideal for travel and camping.
- Fast recharge time of 4-5 hours with a built-in gauge for easy monitoring.
Cons:
- Limited to 159Wh capacity, which may require additional batteries for extended outages.
- Customer ratings are moderate at 4.1 out of 5 stars, indicating some users may have experienced issues.
- Only 1-year warranty, which might be a concern for long-term durability.
Pilot-24 Lite Battery with Car Charger
For travelers seeking a lightweight and reliable power backup, the Pilot-24 Lite Battery with Car Charger stands out thanks to its TSA-approved 95Wh capacity, allowing me to bring it onboard without hassle. Its compact, durable aluminum case houses LG industrial-grade cells, weighing just 2.38 pounds and fitting easily in my carry-on. It supports 24V CPAP machines like AirMini, AirSense 10, and DreamStation Go, functioning as both a standalone or backup power source. Recharging takes only 2-3 hours, providing up to 16 hours of use. Plus, the included DC cables make connecting to compatible devices straightforward, making it perfect for travel, camping, or emergencies.
Best For: travelers, campers, and emergency users who need a lightweight, TSA-approved portable power solution for CPAP machines and outdoor use.
Pros:
- Compact and lightweight design weighing only 2.38 pounds for easy portability
- Supports 24V CPAP machines with up to 16 hours of runtime on a single charge
- Recharges quickly in 2-3 hours, ideal for travel and outdoor activities
Cons:
- Cables for some CPAP models are sold separately, requiring additional purchase
- Limited to 95Wh capacity, which may not be sufficient for extended use beyond typical travel needs
- Customer ratings are moderate at 3.9 out of 5 stars, indicating mixed reviews
BLUETTI CPAP Battery Backup X30 297Wh Power Supply with Cables
The BLUETTI CPAP Battery Backup X30 297Wh stands out as an excellent choice for travelers who need reliable, portable power for their CPAP or BiPAP devices. Weighing just 4.1 pounds, it features a built-in handle and a large accessory bag for easy transport and cable storage. With 297Wh of backup power, it supports 90% of CPAP models for 5-7 nights, making it ideal for camping and emergencies. The device offers multiple DC ports, a USB-A port, and rapid charging capabilities. Included cables and adapters ensure compatibility with popular machines like ResMed and Philips, providing peace of mind wherever your travels take you.
Best For: travelers, campers, and emergency preparedness users seeking reliable, portable power for CPAP and BiPAP devices.
Pros:
- Lightweight and portable at just 4.1 pounds with a built-in handle for easy transport
- Supports 90% of CPAP models for 5-7 nights, ideal for camping and emergencies
- Multiple output options including DC ports and USB-A for versatile device charging
Cons:
- Limited to 297Wh, which may not be sufficient for extended power needs beyond several nights
- Does not include solar panels; requires separate purchase for solar charging
- Slightly higher price point compared to basic portable power banks
Factors to Consider When Choosing Battery Backup for CPAP Machine Travel
When selecting a battery backup for your travel CPAP, I consider factors like power capacity, device compatibility, and port options to guarantee it meets my needs. I also check how easy it is to charge and recharge, along with the size and portability for travel convenience. Understanding these points helps me choose a reliable backup that fits my lifestyle.
Power Capacity Needs
Choosing the right battery backup for your travel CPAP requires understanding its power demands. First, check your device’s power consumption, including humidifier and heated tube features, which can increase wattage from around 30-60W to over 80-180W. A typical backup should have at least 150Wh to cover a night, but if you want multiple nights, aim for 200Wh or more. Battery capacity directly affects runtime; for example, a 297Wh battery can power a CPAP for about two nights with the humidifier off. Additionally, selecting a battery with adjustable voltage and multiple ports helps guarantee compatibility with various models and accessories. Proper capacity ensures reliable sleep without worrying about power loss during travel.
Device Compatibility
Ensuring your battery backup is compatible with your travel CPAP requires paying close attention to its voltage and current specifications. Check if the backup supports the voltage your device needs, such as 12V or 24V, to prevent malfunctions. Make sure it includes the right cables or adapters for your CPAP’s power port, ensuring a seamless connection. The battery’s capacity, measured in Wh or Ah, should be sufficient for your desired run time, especially if you use humidifiers or heated tubing. Additionally, verify the output waveform; a pure sine wave is ideal to avoid damaging your device. Finally, consider whether the backup offers adjustable voltage settings or multiple output ports, which can help accommodate different CPAP models and accessories comfortably.
Port and Outlet Options
Selecting a battery backup with the right port and outlet options guarantees you can connect your CPAP and other devices without hassle. It’s crucial to check that it offers enough ports—such as DC, USB, and AC—to run multiple devices simultaneously. Make sure the outlets support your CPAP’s voltage and connector types to avoid needing extra adapters. Some models feature adjustable output options, allowing you to tailor the voltage to your device’s requirements for safe operation. Pass-through charging capability is also valuable, so you can operate your CPAP while recharging the battery. Finally, verify that the backup includes the necessary cables or can connect directly without cumbersome adapters. This ensures seamless use and maximum convenience during your travels.
Charging and Recharging Methods
When evaluating battery backups for your travel CPAP, it’s essential to take into account their recharging options since different situations call for flexible solutions. Look for models that support multiple recharging methods, like AC wall outlets, USB-C PD, car cigarette lighters, and even solar panels, to guarantee you can recharge anywhere. Pay attention to recharge times; they typically range from 2 to 8 hours depending on the method and charger wattage. Additionally, verify that the backup’s voltage and power compatibility match your CPAP’s requirements to prevent damage. Consider the battery’s capacity relative to your usage, making certain it can be recharged enough to last through your entire trip. Features like pass-through charging are also handy, allowing you to operate your CPAP while recharging the backup.
Portability and Size
Choosing a portable battery backup for your travel CPAP means prioritizing size and weight to make packing and commuting easier. Ideally, it should be lightweight and compact enough to fit comfortably in your carry-on luggage, typically weighing between 2 to 7 pounds. The device’s size should allow it to be stored easily in a bag or backpack without bulk. Keep in mind, smaller batteries often have lower capacity, so you’ll need to balance size with the power duration you require. Features like built-in handles or ergonomic designs can enhance portability, making it more convenient to carry during travel. Ultimately, selecting a compact, lightweight backup guarantees you can stay powered without hassle, whether you’re on a plane, train, or exploring new destinations.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Long Can These Backups Power a CPAP During Typical Use?
Typically, these battery backups can power a CPAP machine for about 8 to 15 hours during normal use. The exact duration depends on your device’s power consumption and the battery’s capacity. I always check the specs before traveling, ensuring I have enough backup. It’s reassuring to know I can stay powered through the night or during extended outings without worrying about running out of juice.
Are These Battery Backups Compatible With All CPAP Models?
Not all battery backups are compatible with every CPAP model, so I recommend checking the specifications carefully. I always verify if the backup supports my device’s voltage and connector type before buying. Many backups are designed for universal use, but some are model-specific. To avoid issues, I suggest consulting your CPAP manufacturer’s recommendations and choosing a backup that clearly states compatibility with your machine.
What Safety Features Are Included in These Battery Backups?
Think of these battery backups as the loyal guard dogs of your sleep routine. They include essential safety features like surge protection, to prevent power spikes, and auto shut-off to avoid overheating. Many also have built-in circuit breakers for overload protection and low-voltage alarms to alert you early. These features give me peace of mind, knowing my CPAP runs safely and reliably, wherever I go.
How Lightweight and Portable Are These Power Supplies for Travel?
These power supplies are surprisingly lightweight and portable, perfect for travel. I find them easy to carry in my bag or even a small backpack. They usually weigh just a few pounds, making them convenient to take on flights or road trips. The compact design means I can pack them without taking up much space, giving me peace of mind knowing I have reliable power wherever I go.
Do These Backups Support Fast Charging or Quick Power Replenishment?
Yes, many of these backups support fast charging or quick power replenishment. I’ve found that some models feature rapid recharge capabilities, allowing me to top up the battery in just a few hours, which is perfect for travel. This means I spend less time charging and more time enjoying my trip. Always check the specifications, but overall, quick recharge options are becoming a standard feature in newer backup power supplies.
Conclusion
Choosing the right battery backup guarantees I get reliable sleep even when I’m away from home. For instance, I once relied on a portable power station during a camping trip, and it kept my CPAP running all night without issues. Think about your travel needs and device compatibility—then select a backup that offers peace of mind. After all, a dependable power source means better rest and peace of mind wherever you go.
